Effects of dietary heat‐killed Lactobacillus plantarum L‐137 (HK L‐137) on the growth performance,digestive enzymes and selected non‐specific immune responses in sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus Selenka

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dietary heat‐killed Lactobacillus plantarum L‐137 (HK L‐137) on growth performance, digestive, non‐specific immune and phagocytosis of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Sea cucumbers (initial body weight 1.35 ± 0.04 g) were fed diets supplemented with five levels of HK L‐137 (0, 0.005, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.25 g HK L‐137 kg^?1 diets) for 60 days. Results indicated sea cucumbers fed with diets containing 0.05 and 0.25 g HK L‐137 kg^?1 diets showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher body weight gain and specific growth rate than other groups. Sea cucumbers fed with diets containing 0.05 and 0.25 g HK L‐137 kg^?1 diets showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher protease activity than control group. Higher amylase, lysozyme and phagocytic activities were found in 0.25 g HK L‐137 kg^?1 diet group. Higher superoxide dismutase enzyme and alkaline phosphatase activity was found in 0.05 g HK L‐137 kg^?1. While no significant differences (P > 0.05) were found in acid phosphatase activity. These results suggested that dietary supplementation of 0.05 g HK L‐137 kg^?1 diets would have benefit on growth, digestive enzymes and several non‐specific immune parameters of sea cucumber.     

酸马奶提取植物乳杆菌DSM20174细菌素的理化特性研究

为研究从酸马奶中提取的植物乳杆菌DSM20174细菌素的理化特性,本试验提纯植物乳杆菌DSM20174细菌素,经过硫酸铵沉淀、透析后得到细菌素粗提液,再利用SephadexG-100凝胶柱层析进行纯化后,细菌素的比活力明显增加,达到154.70 AU/mL,得率为43.5%.采用牛津杯法测定纯化的植物乳杆菌DSM20174细菌素在3种不同方式处理下对牛源野生致病性大肠杆菌O78抑菌效果的影响.结果显示:①植物乳杆菌DSM20174细菌素在5组温度处理下,随着温度的升高抑菌作用降低,各组抑菌作用差异显著(P<0.05).即使121 ℃处理30 min后,抑菌直径仍达14.90 mm.②植物乳杆菌DSM20174细菌素在pH 2.0~12.0由低到高的11组酸碱处理下,pH越大抑菌直径越小,且除了pH 9.0和pH 10.0之间差异不显著(P>0.05)外,其余各组抑菌作用均差异显著(P<0.05). ③植物乳杆菌DSM20174细菌素经胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶3种酶处理后抑菌直径变化明显,处理前后抑菌作用均差异显著(P<0.05).结果表明植物乳杆菌DSM20174细菌素是较好的抑菌活性物质,但不是热稳定性物质;具有较广泛的pH适用范围,且pH越小时其抑菌活性越强,在最适生长pH时抑菌活性有所增强;不是蛋白酶稳定性物质.     

Effects of ethanol,molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silages

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum, molasses and/or ethanol on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage, which is widely used in dairy cow diets at mid‐to‐late lactation in Tibet. TMR was treated with ethanol (E), molasses (M), Lactobacillus plantarum(L), ethanol+molasses (EM), ethanol+Lactobacillus plantarum (EL) plus control. After 45 d of ensiling, inoculant significantly (P < 0·05) increased lactic acid (LA) concentration and decreased pH, ammonia nitrogen (AN) concentration, and aerobic bacterial and yeast counts, compared to control. After the first 3 d of aerobic exposure, LA for silages without ethanol started to decrease, while LA for E silages almost remained unchanged till the end of the aerobic exposure period. The pH in TMR silages without ethanol gradually increased, while that for E and EL remained about 4·60 and 4·00, respectively, and EL showed the lowest pH among six silages over the course of aerobic exposure. Aerobic bacterial counts in control, M and EM silages were significantly higher (P < 0·05) than those in E, L and EL, and yeast counts in E and EL silages were significantly lower (P < 0·05) than those in other silages after 9 d of aerobic exposure. The results suggest that inoculation with L. plantarum was more effective in altering fermentation characteristics than adding molasses, while ethanol showed a potential to protect TMR silages from pH increase and delayed the growth of aerobic bacteria and yeast either alone or in combination with L. plantarum.     

Lactic acid bacteria strains for enhancing the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of Leymus chinensis silage

Leymus chinensis is an important grass in China and Russia. Six lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains (LB, LPL1, LPL2, LPL3, LCL and WH) from L. chinensis silage were screened and identified and their effects on fermentation quality were investigated. All six strains were grown at 6·5% NaCl and pH 4·00. Strains LPL1, LPL2 and LPL3 were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, and LB, WH and LCL were classified as Lactobacillus brevis, Weissella hellenica and Lactobacillus casei respectively. The six isolated strains and a commercial inoculant (Lactobacillus buchneri) were added to L. chinensis for ensiling at densities of 500 and 600 kg m^?3. The control was sprayed with the same volume of distilled water. The effects of the strains on fermentation quality after 45 d ensiling and aerobic stability during 8 d of exposure to air were evaluated. The 600 kg m^?3 silage had lower pH, butyric acid, ammonia nitrogen content and coliform bacteria counts than the 500 kg m^?3 density silage (P < 0·05). The six isolated strains decreased pH, butyric acid content and increased lactic acid content, and all inoculants increased L. chinensis silage aerobic stability except LCL (P < 0·05). The fermentation quality of L. chinensis silage increased with higher ensiling density. The LAB strains improved the fermentation quality, and high‐quality silage could be obtained at low ensiling density with the addition of the LAB strains. The strains improved the aerobic stability; Lb. buchneri and Lb. brevis showed the best performance.     

自制酸菜中植物乳杆菌的分离与鉴定

[目的]了解自制酸菜中的有益菌种,为分析其营养价值提供依据。[方法]采用涂布分离和烛缸厌氧法对自制酸菜中的有益菌种进行培养,并对得到的细菌菌落形态特征及生化特征进行分析。[结果]经筛选,得到3株乳酸杆菌,其中2株为植物乳杆菌,1株为短乳杆菌。[结论]自制酸菜中含有多种植物乳酸杆菌,具有较高的营养价值。     

һ������׸�Ч�־�����ϸ����ֲ����˾���ɸѡ�����

为获得产广谱高效抑菌活性细菌素的乳酸菌,采用agar-spot-test法、琼脂扩散法结合生理生化和16S rDNA序列同源性分析法从贵州传统发酵食品中分离、筛选、鉴定乳酸菌并对其产生抗菌物质的生理生化特性进行鉴定.结果表明:从贵州传统发酵食品中分离出乳酸菌110余株并从中筛选出效果最好的菌株416,鉴定该菌株为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),其产生的抑菌物质为多肽类,对蜡样芽孢杆菌和李斯特菌有较强的抑制作用,具有作为生物防腐剂应用于食品行业的潜力.     

Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) on growth performance,immunity and disease resistance of Pangasius catfish (Pangasius bocourti,Sauvage 1880)

This study evaluated the effects of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) and Lactobacillus plantarum singly or combined on growth, immunity and disease resistance of Pangasius bocourti. In the first experiment, different concentrations of JA (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 g kg^?1) were administered to determine an optimal concentration on growth of P. bocourti. In the second experiment, the optimal concentration of JA (5 g kg^?1) was combined with 10⁸ cfu g^?1 L. plantarum. In the final experiment, five randomly selected fish from the second experiment were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Treatments for second and third experiments were 0 g kg^?1 JA (Diet 1), 5 g kg^?1 JA (Diet 2), 10⁸ cfu g^?1 L. plantarum (Diet 3) and 5 g kg^?1 JA + 10⁸ cfu g^?1 L. plantarum (Diet 4). Fish fed 5 g kg^?1 JA or 10⁸ cfu g^?1 of L. plantarum significantly improved specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), serum lysozyme activity and postchallenge survival rate (PCSR). Dietary in the combination of JA and L. plantarum showed significantly enhanced SGR, FCR, serum lysozyme, phagocytosis, respiratory burst activities and PCSR compared with control and individual applications. Dietary JA and L. plantarum significantly stimulated growth, immunity and disease resistance of P. bocourti.     

喷雾干燥技术制备饲用乳酸菌微胶囊制剂的研究进展

乳酸菌微胶囊技术是将核心菌体包覆于胃不溶、肠溶性的安全、特殊壁材中,可增加菌体对不良环境(胃液、胆盐等)的抵抗力,使其顺利到达肠道以发挥益生作用,且利于储存、加工和运输。利用喷雾干燥技术进行微胶囊制备具有包被速率快、生产成本低、适用于连续化生产等优点,但由于其存在较高进出口风温度及快速脱水过程,对于饲用乳酸菌的微胶囊制备在壁材物质及制备参数等方面具有严格的要求。为此,作者从工艺过程、壁材选择、工艺参数选择及其产品效果分析等方面,对近年来喷雾干燥技术在乳酸菌微胶囊制备方面进行了综述,以期为推动乳酸菌微胶囊制剂的研制及其在动物生产中的应用提供依据。     

乳酸菌制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

[目的]研究了日粮中添加乳酸菌制剂对仔猪生产性能的影响。[方法]选用72头杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪,随机分成对照组(基础日粮),试验Ⅰ组(基础日粮+0.1%乳酸菌制剂),试验Ⅱ组(基础日粮+0.2%乳酸菌制剂),每组设3次重复,每重复8头,试验期为30d。[结果]对于日增重来说,试验Ⅰ组比对照组提高17.85%(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组比对照组提高19.64%(P<0.05);对于料肉比来说,试验Ⅰ组较对照组提高16.43%(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组较对照组提高8.90%(P<0.05);对于存活率来说,试验Ⅰ组较对照组提高2.50%(P>0.05),试验Ⅱ组较对照组提高5.00%(P>0.05)。对于腹泻率来讲,试验Ⅰ组较对照组下降了12.50%(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组较对照组下降了25.00%(P<0.05)。[结论]乳酸菌制剂的添加能够降低腹泻率,促进生长,提高日增重和饲料利用率,并可增加经济效益。     

嗜酸乳杆菌细胞壁肽聚糖的分离提取

分别采用超声波法、溶菌酶法、三氯乙酸法对嗜酸乳杆菌细胞壁肽聚糖进行分离提取.结果表明超声波法的最优组合为超声功率400 W,超声时间30 min,水浴温度40℃,肽聚糖得率10.2%;溶菌酶法的最优组合为溶菌酶添加量4 mg/mL,水浴温度55%,作用时间5 h,pH 7,肽聚糖得率10.0%;三氯乙酸法肽聚糖得率15.8%.通过多重比较,最终确定采用三氯乙酸法提取嗜酸乳杆菌细胞壁肽聚糖.